Encourage pursed lip breathing and deep breathing exercises. Reposition the patient by elevating the head of the bed and encouraging him/her to sit on an upright position. To increase oxygen levels while aiming to reduce the risk of drying out the lungs. Central cyanosis involving the mucosa may indicate further reduction of oxygen levels.Īssess the level of consciousness every hour using Glasgow coma scale (GCS).ĭecline in level of consciousness indicate worsening of hypoxia. Peripheral cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin, ear lobes, or nail beds) may be evident with hypoxemia.
#SIMPLEMIND MAP FOR SICKLE CELL ANEMIA SKIN#
Monitor the color of skin and mucous membrane. To create a baseline set of observations for the patient, and to monitor any changes in the vital signs as the patient receives medical treatment. Sickle Cell Anemia Nursing InterventionsĪssess the patient’s vital signs, especially the respiratory rate and depth, as well as the use of accessory muscles. Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and abnormal RBC structure life span secondary to sickle cell anemia, as evidenced by shortness of breath, oxygen saturation of 82%, mild confusion(GCS 14), use of accessory muscles, cyanosis of the lips, heart rate of 122 bpm, restlessness, and reduced activity toleranceĭesired Outcome: The patient will demonstrate adequate oxygenation as evidenced by normal heart rate, easy of breathing, GCS 15, absence of restlessness, and oxygen saturation within the target range set by the physician. Sickle Cell Anemia Nursing Care Plans Nursing Care Plan 1 Transplantation involves the elimination of latent blood cells in the marrow and replacing it with the donated healthy cells. Stem cell transplant/Bone marrow transplant.This is utilized to address the decreased hemoglobin levels and limit the effects of the disease process These are given as preventive measures to disease, thereby inhibiting life-threatening infections
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Antibiotics – due to disorders in blood cell productions associated with the disease, patients are more prone to developing severe infections, especially pneumonia.Hemoglobin oxygen-affinity modulators – inhibits RBC conversion to sickle RBC’s and improves RBC deformability and in turn, reduces thickening of blood, often associated with the illness.Analgesics (Opioids or NSAIDs) – used to address the acute and chronic pain associated with the condition.P-selectin inhibitors – aides in preventing the clumping of the blood cells (RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets), thereby reducing vaso-oclussivity of the disease.L-glutamine oral powder – used for alleviating pain crises.Antimetabolites– used for the control of excess proliferation of RBC’s.Medications: a variety of medications are utilized and they are: The treatment of sickle cell anemia involves control of the signs and symptoms of the condition. Once detected, referral to a genetic counselor is warranted for added management of the disease. Newborn screening – includes testing the baby for sickle cell anemia this can be done early on, in-vitro, wherein amniotic fluid is obtained in the womb.Ultrasound – using a special ultrasound machine for the early detection of sickle cell anemia.Stroke risk assessment – must be assessed because of the vaso-occlusive nature of the disease.Blood tests – blood samples for assessment of the defective hemoglobin.Sickle cell anemia increases the risk of high blood pressure and the presence of clots that will impede with the normal development of the fetus This is a condition wherein men with Sickle cell anemia will present with painful and long-lasting erections due to the blockages of the tiny blood vessels of the penis. The build of bilirubin caused by the metabolism of the abnormal erythrocytes will result to gall stones that will block the flow of bile. Poor wound healing and rampant skin breakdown can be observed for patients suffering from sickle cell anemia. This in turn will cause eye damage and eventually blindness. One of the potential complications of having abnormal red blood cells circulating in the body is damage to smaller blood vessels, particularly the eye. Due to the chronic inability of the red blood cells to provide essential oxygen for normal organ function, patients with sickle cell anemia may develop organ failure, which can be fatal. This type of anemia can cause build-up of unnecessary lung pressure due to problems with circulation as a result of erythrocyte clumping
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This is characterized by chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing requiring emergency medical treatment Issues in circulation will result to blockages, therefore predisposing the patient to develop thrombolytic strokes